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Question: Three gods A, B, and C are called, in no particular order, True, False, and Random. True always speaks truly, False always speaks falsely, but whether Random speaks truly or falsely is a completely random matter. Your task is to determine the identities of A, B, and C by asking three yes-no questions; each question must be put to exactly one god. The gods understand English, but will answer all questions in their own language, in which the words for yes and no are da and ja, in some order. You do not know which word means which.

What three questions can you ask?

Answer: A possible solution is:

Q1: Ask god B, "If I asked you 'Is A Random?', would you say ja?". If B answers ja, either B is Random (and is answering randomly), or B is not Random and the answer indicates that A is indeed Random. Either way, C is not Random. If B answers da, either B is Random (and is answering randomly), or B is not Random and the answer indicates that A is not Random. Either way, you know the identity of a god who is not Random.

Q2: Go to the god who was identified as not being Random by the previous question (either A or C), and ask him: "If I asked you 'Are you False?', would you say ja?". Since he is not Random, an answer of da indicates that he is True and an answer of ja indicates that he is False.

Q3: Ask the same god the question: "If I asked you 'Is B Random?', would you say ja?". If the answer is ja, B is Random; if the answer is da, the god you have not yet spoken to is Random. The remaining god can be identified by elimination.

For more information about the answer visit the following Wikipedia page.

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Question: There is a party of 100 high-powered politicians. All of them are either honest or liars. You walk in knowing two things:

- At least one of them is honest.
- If you take any two politicians, at least one of them is a liar.

From this information, can you know how many are liars and how many are honest?

Answer: Yes, from the information you know 1 is honest and 99 are liars.

One of them is honest satisfying the first piece of information. Then if you take the honest man and any other politician, the other politician must be a liar to satisfy the second piece of information, 'If you take any two politicians, at least one of them is a liar.' So 99 are liars.

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Question: There are 1600 people sitting around a circular table. The first person (person 1) has a sword and kills the second person then hands it to the next alive person (in this case person 3). Person 3 stabs person 4 and gives the sword to person 5. This goes on until person 1499 kills person 1500. Then person 1 kills person 3 and so on. This is repeated until there is only a single person remaining.

Who remains in the end?

Answer: Person 1153.

If you have any number of people equal to a power of 2 (2, 4, 8, etc.) then the first person will be the last remaining. The closest power of 2 to 1600 is 1024 (210). So the first person to go of the 1600 when there is 1024 people left will be the last person remaining. 1600 - 1024 = 576. 576 * 2 = 1152. Person 1152 will be the 576th person killed and person 1153 will be the first person to go of the remaining 1024 people.

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By Martin Gardner

Question: You are in a room with two metal rods and no other metal. One of them is magnetized and the other is not.

How can you determine which one is magnetized and which is not?

Answer: Solution 1: Touch the end of one bar (A) to the middle of the other bar (B) forming a 'T' shape. If the bars are attracted then bar A is magnetized and if they are not attracted then bar B is the magnet. This is because magnets have fields at the poles (the ends) but not in the middle. So the end would attract and middle would not.

Solution 2: Hang a rod from the ceiling and if it turns north than it is the magnetized rod.

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By Jmatus13

Question: There is an island with exactly 201 residents, 100 with blue eyes, 100 with brown eyes, and the island leader (who has green eyes). To leave the island, one must know their own eye color. There are no reflective surfaces on the island and no on can communicate with each other other than the leader to the residents. No one on the island knows how many of each eye color there is. Everyone on the island is a perfect logician, meaning that if there us a solution they'll find it. Every morning the leader gives anyone a chance to leave the island by guessing their eye color. One morning, the leader gathers all 200 residents to make an announcement, he says "at least 1 person on this island has blue eyes" How many people leave the island and in how many days after the announcement? Notes: this is known as one of the hardest riddles ever

Answer: ANSWER: all 100 blue eyed people in 100 days. EXPLANATION: imagine there is only 1 person on the island, he will look around and see that there are no blue eyed people, he will then know his eye color in 1 day, if there are two, each will see that there is 1 blue eyed person, of this person doesn't leave on the 1st day, that means that he must also have blue eyes so that the same rules apply to the other man's perspective, following this logic, n= blue eyed people and d= days so d=n because for each person added, one more day is needed to know their own eye color. if you would like more info, search "100 blue eyes riddle"

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